What aspect of the nervous system is primarily affected by lead exposure?

Lead exposure primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is crucial for processing sensory information, coordinating movement, and higher cognitive functions. Lead is a neurotoxin that can disrupt neurotransmission and cause both acute and chronic neurological impairments. Children are particularly vulnerable to lead exposure, which can result in developmental delays, reduced IQ, and attention problems, reflecting the significant impact on brain function.

While other systems listed, such as the peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and enteric nervous system, can also be affected by toxins, lead's most profound and damaging effects are predominantly observed in the central nervous system. This underscores the importance of minimizing lead exposure to protect neurological health, particularly in sensitive populations such as children and pregnant women.